Relative advantages and disadvantages Essay

1. What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of a company being committed to achieving efficiency through a program like Six Sigma versus encouraging and reinforcing creativity and innovation? (Page 10-11) Six Sigma has a customer driven approach, its emphasis on using quantitative data to make decisions, and priority on saving money. Has evolved into a high performance system for executing business strategies. Six sigma is set up so that it can be applied to a range of situations. I think six sigma might lower team moral where as they might not be as open to speak on individual ideas as such. 2. How would you describe 3M‟s efficiency and creativity conundrum in terms of programmed and nonprogrammed decisions? (Page 153-154) Programmed- a simple routine for which a manager has an established decision rule. Nonprogrammed- A new, complex decision that requires a creative solution. Their decision as a company to use methods such as six sigma versus encouraging/ reinforcing†¦ ( nonprogrammed) Not really sure about this question so much. 3. How would you describe 3M‟s efficiency and creativity conundrum in terms of the rational, bounded rationality, and Z model of decision making? (Page 154-155) rational- a logical, step by step approach to decision making, with a thorough analysis of alternatives and their consequences. The 4 stages of, six sigma. Bounded- a theory that suggests that there are limits to how rational a decision maker can actually be. Z model- capitalizes on strengths of the four separate preferences 4. What role(s) do intuition and creativity play in the decision making that is evident in 3M‟s efficiency and creativity conundrum?

Business Plan Template: The Laundry Room Essay

The Laundry Room is a full-service, including wash, dry, fold, dry cleaning, repairs and alterations, pick-up and delivery, coin operated laundry service dedicated to consistent customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing reliable machines and furnishing a regularly maintained clean, attractive atmosphere at a competitive price and value. The Laundry Room offers its customers the opportunity to utilize or enjoy the output of the most superior, state of the art laundry machines the industry has to offer. Additionally, The Laundry Room will provide on-site retail cleaning and laundry products for one-time and household use. The Laundry Room will focus on two target consumers: Type A: Middle to Lower Class Individual(s) without the resources of an adequate laundry facility. Generally this customer will occupy apartment complexes, government housing or condominium type housing. It will include home owners, families and individuals with inadequate laundry facilities without the financial resources to upgrade or replace faulty equipment immediately. These consumers will also include low-disposable income, physically capable senior citizens in community housing and students residing in dorms or rental properties. The Laundry Room will penetrate this market by offering self-service, coin and card operated, state of the art laundry machines in a clean, safe, customer service oriented environment. Coupons, loyalty discounts/cards and daily promotions will appeal to this financially moderate and conscious market. Type B: Middle to Upper Class Individual(s) who possesses more money than time, an advanced taste and high demand for exceptional customer service but no time to complete routine laundry tasks. This will include home owners, families and individuals who have high disposable income and require laundering assistance but fail to allocate the time commitment in busy work, family or life schedules. This unique and routine consumer will continue visiting The Laundry Room because of it’s high quality output and impeccable customer service and become a devoted return customer. The Laundry Room  will penetrate this market by offering professional laundry services, pick up and drop off work order delivery options and corporate discounts. The Laundry Room’s financial layout is quite reassuring. Since it is practicing a cash business with no receivables, however the introductory is generally more than majority of start-ups. The procedure is labor demanding with many services available in one location and The Laundry Room identifies that skilled talent and modern, state of the art buildings and equipment are a necessity. The financial and time investment in its labourers, locations and equipment will be the differentiating factor between The Laundry Room and it’s competitors. For the purpose of this business plan template, the investments of equipment and locations are financed. There will be minimal product inventory kept on hand to take advantage of limited space and price drops in supplies and to discover consumer trends. The Laundry Room projects the original sequence of investments and long term financing of $325,000.00 to abolish the need for additional debt or equity investing beyond the acquisition of equipment or locations. This will translate into slower expansion than what would otherwise the possible but based on consumer demands and product requests will allow more consistent and solid financial growth. OBJECTIVES The Laundry Room has generated three solidified objective it desires to accomplish in the next three years of business. 1. Three full-service laundry facilities in the Western Manitoba region. 2. Establish sustainable business by the end of the fourth quarter of the first year. 3. Product net profits. 4. To establish a beneficial brand to customers and gain brand loyalty within the first three months of operation by functioning socially and ethically responsibly. MISSION Our Mission Statement: The Laundry Room makes decisions that value our  customers and employees. We are dedicated to providing unmatched customer satisfaction at every level of our operation with through our focused commitment to Leadership, Respect, Innovation and Technology, resulting in a profitable business and a satisfied consumer. Corporate activities are conducted with the highest standard of professionalism and ethics. Core Values: People: We treat all people (customers, employees and vendors) with respect. Integrity: We manage our operations, finances and services with professionalism, honesty, efficiency and reliability. Service: Our customers are the heart of everything we do. Innovation: We stay current and innovative with the systems, services and technologies that improve the way we operate our business and live our lives. Responsibility: We promote a safe, eco-friendly and clean environment for our customers, employees and vendors. Loyalty: We earn and maintain the respect and confidence in our customers, employees and vendors routinely, in everything we do. Our Motto: Professional, efficient, reliable service at a competitive price. KEYS TO SUCCESS There are four basic keys to success in this company, three are congruent with any service driven industry but our quality customer service (including interaction with customers, pick-up and delivery service and customer loyalty programs) and clean, modern environment (free Wi-Fi, state of the art machines, cash free machine options, gaming arcade) will give us an additional advantage in the consumer eye. Convenient Location- visible, high-traffic pattern, efficiently accessible to consumer. The Best Products- state of the art machines, consistently clean, safe environment, eco-friendly laundry and cleaning products. The Friendliest, well-trained Staff- cheerful, professional, hygienic, articulate, highly skilled company representatives. Finest Reputation- Word of mouth advertising through impeccable customer service, community involvement and valuable customer referral program. COMPANY SUMMARY The Laundry Room is a full-service, including wash, dry, fold, dry cleaning, repairs and alterations, pick-up and delivery, coin operated laundry service dedicated to consistent customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing reliable machines and furnishing a regularly maintained clean, attractive atmosphere at a competitive price and value COMPANY OWNERSHIP The Laundry Room is a Limited Liability Company. All membership shares in the present day are owned by Brooke Ward and Joel McPhail with the future intent of using an excerpt of these shares to increase capital. The projected plan requires the sale of 100 membership interests in the company to family, friends and informal investors. Each company membership interest is set to $4250.00 with a minimum of five entities per stock certificate or minimum of $21,250.00 per shareholder. If and when all funds are collected, Brooke Ward and Joel McPhail will preserve ownership of 51% of the company. START UP SUMMARY COMPANY LOCATIONS AND FACILITIES The Laundry Room will open its first location in Brandon, Manitoba on the corner of Victoria Avenue and 34th Street, a location formerly occupied by Brandon Turbo. An additional two locations will be designed and distributed in Southern Manitoba over the preceding three years including locations in Virden, Manitoba and Portage la Prairie, Manitoba. The location in Brandon, Manitoba will remain company headquarters and occupy the offices of our executives. The demographic and physical requirement for The Laundry Room locations: High traffic and easily accessible on either side. Visible from roadway. Established retail shops or business locations in the general vicinity. A combination of apartment complexes and residential areas in the general vicinity. PRODUCTS The Laundry Room offers its customers the opportunity to utilize or enjoy the output of the most superior, state of the art laundry machines the industry has to offer. Additionally, The Laundry Room will provide on-site retail cleaning and laundry products for one-time and household use. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION CUSTOMER USE: Coin Laundry: The Laundry Room utilizes 20 IPSO Washers and 16 IPSO Dryers with capacities ranging from 14lbs-75lbs. The attractive stainless steel exterior is complimentary to the heavy duty motors, eco-friendly water-preserving emissions and a seal system to enhance cylinder stability considered to be the best-crafted in the world. In keeping with todays growth of modern technology, The Laundry Room will offer a series of machines equipped with a card system as an alternative to coin fuelled machines. The card system will accept all forms of payment including Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Debit and an internal, reusable and refillable customer card. PROFESSIONAL USE: Commercial Laundry: For it’s professional cleaning services, The Laundry Room will utilize a series of industrial sized IPSO Washers and Dryers with capacities ranging from 12lbs to 165lbs. These laundry machines will be used exclusively by fully trained company representatives and utilize the same technology as the Coin Laundry appliances in a much larger size and without the option of payment. Folders and Feeders: The Laundry Room will also possess one IPSO Folder (folds clothing) and one IPSO Flatwork Ironer (irons clothing) to minimize costs allocated to labor and energy. Operating using technologically advanced, professional, attractive, eco-friendly, easy to use IPSO equipment will ensure the highest quality output and efficient production levels. PRODUCTS: The Laundry Room will provide on-site retail cleaning and laundry products for one-time and household use. The Laundry Room plans to capitalize on the ongoing consumer trend of purchasing eco-friendly products free of harsh chemicals and dyes. A strategic alliance with Progressive Sanitation, developed through a long-standing personal relationship with both companies’ Owner/Operator(s), will allow each to capitalize on product sales. An agreement that Progressive Sanitation will be the exclusive supplier of one-time and household products for re-sale at all The Laundry Room locations and all product labels must display BOTH company names. Products available on site in one-time use format include: Eco-Max Lavender Laundry Wash (Liquid), Eco-Max Dryer Sheets, Eco-Max Laundry Detergent (Powder) and Eco-Max Fabric Softener. Products available in household use format include: {LAUNDRY} Eco-Max Lavender Laundry Wash (Liquid), Eco-Max Dryer Sheets, Eco-Max Laundry Detergent (Powder) and Eco-Max Fabric Softener {KITCHEN} Eco-Max Liquid Dish Detergent and Eco-Max Dishwasher Soap {BATHROOM} Eco-Max Ultra Bathroom Cleaner, Eco-Max Ultra Odour Neutralizer {GENERAL} Eco-Max All Purpose Cleaner, Eco-Max Glass Cleaner Bottle. COMPETITIVE COMPARISON The Laundry Room acknowledges itself as a competitive contributor in the laundry and cleaning industry. Contrarily, it also recognizes that rivalry for its products range from dry cleaning service to general wash/dry service to repairs and alterations to cleaning products. The Laundry Rooms main competitors will come in four forms: Locally Owned Dry Cleaning Facilities. National brand Dry Cleaning Facilities. Locally Owned Laundromats. On-site Apartment/Condominium Complex Coin-Operated Laundry Facilities. The Laundry Rooms secondary competitors will come in three forms: Locally Owned/Operated Tailors. Department Stores offering cleaning products. Locally Owned General Stores offering cleaning products. Characteristics that set apart The Laundry Room from is competitors are: Impeccable customer service Free on-site Wi-FI. State of the art equipment. Clean, inviting atmosphere. One-time-use and household products available for purchase. Customer loyalty cards, senior, student and corporate discounts. 48 hour guarantee. Pick-up and Delivery service. (provided free for any work orders equivalent to or exceeding 20lbs) Full-service facility including wash, dry, fold, press, dry cleaning and repairs/alterations. SOURCING The Laundry Room purchases it’s IPSO equipment and all machine fulfillment equipment exclusively from Coinamatic Commercial Laundry, a subsidiary of WASH Multifamily Laundry Systems. Retail products and fulfillment products are purchased from Progressive Sanitation. The Laundry Rooms technological equipment (POS system) and â€Å"free to the customer† internet connectivity is provided by Westman Communications Group. The Laundry Room’s state of the art, user and eco-friendly is reliant on technology and proper maintenance. Ron’s Appliance Service has been  contracted to upkeep all machines for the entirety of the first year of business to ensure customer satisfaction. The Laundry Room will be equipped with 24 hour surveillance video monitored by Allen Leigh Security and Communications. TECHNOLOGY The Laundry Room projects to obtain a competitive advantage, improve operations and capitalize on the growing consumer trend of technology. The Laundry Room will offer a series of machines equipped with a card system as an alternative to coin fuelled machines. The card system will accept all forms of payment including Visa, Mastercard, American Express, Debit and an internal, reusable and refillable customer card. This will create a safer environment for customers and employees, allows the balance of the customer card to travel with the cardholder to various The Laundry Room locations, creates customer loyalty and permits the business to add bonus dollars or a â€Å"kick back† when a customer adds more cash. This innovative customer card technology is beneficial internally by tracking total sales, times and dates of each individual machine; minimizing the coins to collect and process decreasing labor costs; providing electronic accountability and eliminates the chance of theft or vandalism. The Laundry Room will also offer self-use laundromat customers the access to free Wi-Fi while utilizing the facility, anticipating the conclusion of their laundry session. FUTURE PRODUCTS Seasonally, The Laundry Room will offer products, services and discounts that will increase sales and also meet consumer demands. Offering discounts in the summer months on utilizing dryers (as more customers will opt to hang dry) and to students in the Fall to build brand loyalty and gain market share. Subsidizing holiday themed scented products with florals and beach inspired scents during the summer months and offering seasonal dependent products when in demand including automobile detailing packages when weather  permits. The Laundry Room’s central focus will be to utilize customer feedback and trends to cater to the product and service demands of the consumer and provide it accordingly. In addition, once basic operational kinks have been subsidized and revenue is steady, The Laundry Room will maximize their profits by providing customers with access to multiple services to utilize our buildings space to its fullest potential. The future possibility of offering food and beverage vending machines, renting mailboxes and game arcades demand little increase to overhead as all property and rent expenses are already paid for. Our customers and their experience will benefit and enjoy capitalizing on several services located in one convenient building. To provide community camaraderie, build customer base and fulfil it’s social responsibility The Laundry Room projects to host quarterly, season tailored charitable events including music concerts, hot chocolate giveaways and BBQ following the first year of business. A portion of proceeds from events will be donated to a local charity, making strides to improve the community. MARKET ANALYSIS SUMMARY Type A: Middle to Lower Class Individual(s) without the resources of an adequate laundry facility. Generally this customer will occupy apartment complexes, government housing or condominium type housing. It will include home owners, families and individuals with inadequate laundry facilities without the financial resources to upgrade or replace faulty equipment immediately. These consumers will also include low-disposable income, physically capable senior citizens in community housing and students residing in dorms or rental properties. Type B: Middle to Upper Class Individual(s) who possesses more money than time, an advanced taste and high demand for exceptional customer service but no time to complete routine laundry tasks. This will include home owners, families and individuals who have high disposable income and require laundering assistance but fail to allocate the time commitment in busy work, family or life schedules. MARKET SEGMENTATION The Laundry Room will target two separate segments: Lower to Middle Class Individual(s) without the resources of an adequate laundry facility and Middle to Upper Class Individual(s) possessing more money than time. The Laundry Room has designed two distinct delivery plans to penetrate these markets. For the Lower to Middle Class, we offer a clean, affordable, conveniently located and well maintained state of the art self-service laundry facility and for the Middle to Upper Class, a professional laundry service with convenient pick up and delivery option. The Laundry Room will penetrate the Lower to Middle Class market by offering self-service, coin and card operated, state of the art laundry machines in a clean, safe, customer service oriented environment. Coupons, loyalty discounts/cards and daily promotions will appeal to this financially moderate and conscious market. This unique and routine Middle to Upper Class market will continue visiting The Laundry Room because of it’s high quality output and impeccable customer service and become a devoted return customer. The Laundry Room will penetrate this market by offering professional laundry services, pick up and drop off work order delivery options and corporate discounts. MARKET TRENDS Laundromats have been established for over 50 years and generally occupy retail space on long-term leases of approximately 10-25 years and product consistent cash flow over the duration of the lease. Laundromats thrive in periods of inflation and recession. During recession, when home ownership decreases, the coin operated laundry market expands as more individuals are unable to repair, replace or purchase new washers and dryers or as they relocate to apartment housing with less than adequate or non existent laundry facilities or services. During inflation when the market size grows in proportion to the increase of population. Like food and shelter, clean clothing is a necessity of life and laundromats provide a basic health service for millions of Canadians every year. MARKET GROWTH According to available consumer statistics, the demand for professional and self-service laundromats is on the rise. Industry and market growth is based on the demographics os population density, population mix and population income. The more concentrated the population in the environment, the greater the demand for profession and self-service laundry facilities. Self-service laundry facilities are primarily used by household renters, the fastest growing segment in the country. As of the 2011 Canadian Census, 24.4% of Brandon, Manitoba’s 21,950 households were renter occupied with an 11% population increase from the 2006 Canadian Census. Professional laundry services for residential individuals generally tailor toward wealthy one-income families or affluent two-income families. Compared to provincial averages, Brandon, MB has a $2,500 (2.54%) higher after-tax family income as of 2005 proving that Brandon has the market for a company offering professional services at affordable prices. MARKET NEEDS The market for our selection of self-use coin operated machines is derived of individuals without the resources of an adequate laundry facility and possess a limited disposable income. The demand for laundry services without the financial resources of outsourcing work, purchasing, repairing or replacing machines gives The Laundry Room’s self-service facilities, a budget savvy solution, the opportunity to fulfill this market need. The market for our selection of professional services is derived of individuals who have limited time, demand exceptional customer service and who possess high disposable income. The opportunity to devote valuable time to mundane tasks such as laundry is far and few between, but the demand for quality service and the necessity of practicing good personal hygiene remains active in their overloaded schedules. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS As the population of Canada grows with it’s economy, the number of renters, a significant contributor to our revenue, is likely to grow as well. Other social phenomena, like the commonness of double income families, suggest that convenient services offered by The Laundry Room will continue to increase in popularity as working households have less time to attend to essential tasks like laundry. It is even becoming more common for individuals with washers and dryers located at home to utilize self-service or professional full-service laundromats for the sake of convenience. With the regular capacity, generally smaller washing equipment used in homes, it can extend time allocated to laundry. Basically, although the majority of laundromat self-service customers are low to middle income class renters, an increasing number of facilities are tapping into high-income markets by offering convenience; full-service laundering and large, multiple machines. DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS The North American delivery process of laundry and coin-operated services reflects laundromats in the past. The consumer enters a mediocrely designed, well maintained and organized environment, engulfed in fresh, clean aromas concealing an elementary â€Å"turn-key† business plan model offering products and services at a competitive price. The Laundry Room will mirror some of these aspects however based on our previously outlined Core Values, the customers positive experience is most essential. Not only greeted by clean, well organized, public Wi-Fi capable, state of the art equipment and modern atmosphere but also a well-trained company representative offering any form of assistance as requested and required. The Laundry Room will offer a pick up and delivery service (provided free for any work orders equivalent to or exceeding 20lbs) and a professional guarantee of all work orders, no matter the size, will be completed and ready within 48 hours of drop off. COMPETITION AND BUYING PATTERNS There are four basic opponents for The Laundry Room’s customer segment. Locally owned dry cleaning facilities, like Brandon Cleaners Ltd. and Brandon Extreme Clean, national brand dry cleaning facilities, like Perth’s Service, locally owned laundromats, Glacier Wash and Wheat City Laundry and on-site apartment/condominium coin-operated laundry facilities. Strengths Multitude of services offered in one conveniently located, well monitored and maintained modern facility. Well thought out and designed business plan. Superior well-trained and filtered staff with impeccable customer service. Professional grade equipment with quality output. Weaknesses Less experience than already established competitors. Debt is required to commence business plan. Opportunities Contribution and capitalization on a steadily growing industry. Maple Leaf providing job opportunities to individuals immigrating to Canada residing in rental housing without proper laundry facilities. Multitude of services attracts every target market (Upper, middle and lower class) Proper hygiene is a necessity to life providing a constant demand for products and services. Threats Possibility of a large franchised business opening and mirroring business model. MAIN COMPETITORS When contrasting direct business opponents, we have discovered that there are no other businesses offering the same services and products collectively in the Brandon community. The Laundry Room will be the premiere full-service, including wash, dry, fold, dry cleaning, repairs and alterations, pick-up and delivery, coin operated laundry service in the Westman area. On the contrary, there is still competition from similar laundry service and retail product distributors. Locally Owned Dry Cleaning Facilities: Brandon Cleaners Ltd., Brandon Extreme Clean, Richmond Dry Cleaners & Laundromat The Laundry Room has a competitive advantage over these companies due to the following benefits: We are open Monday to Saturday 7am-10pm. Sundays 9am-6pm. 48 hour work order guarantee. Clean, safe, well designed and maintained facilities. Various services and products available conveniently in one location. Surveillance cameras to insure customer and employee safety. Loyalty card and referral program. Eco-friendly products for purchase on-site. Pick-up and delivery options. National brand Dry Cleaning Facilities. Perth’s Services The Laundry Room has a competitive advantage over these companies due to the following benefits: We are open Monday to Saturday 7am-10pm. Sundays 9am-6pm. 48 hour work order guarantee. Ability to have control and creativity without the consent of â€Å"head office.† Revenues from transactions remain within the community. Surveillance cameras to insure customer and employee safety. Loyalty card and referral program. Eco-friendly products for purchase on-site. Pick-up and delivery options. Locally Owned Laundromats. Glacier Wash, Wheat City Laundry, Rosser Laundromat, Princess Laundromat The Laundry Room has a competitive advantage over these companies due to the following benefits: We are open Monday to Saturday 7am-10pm. Sundays 9am-6pm. 48 hour work order guarantee. Clean, safe, well designed, and maintained facilities. Various services and products available conveniently in one location. Surveillance cameras to insure customer and employee safety. Coin-less machine option. Loyalty card and referral program. Eco-friendly products for purchase on-site. Pick up and delivery options. On-site Apartment/Condominium Complex Coin-Operated Laundry Facilities. The Laundry Room has a competitive advantage over these facilities due to the following benefits: Clean, safe, well designed, and maintained facilities. Surveillance cameras to insure customer and employee safety. Coin-less machine option. Loyalty card and referral program. Eco-friendly products for purchase on-site. Utilizing multiple machines for multiple loads is encouraged and lowers laundry time. The Laundry Room will consistently appraise its equipment, procedures, building layouts, company representatives and consumer products to remain a dominant commander in the laundry service industry. STRATEGY AND IMPLEMENTATION SUMMARY STRATEGY PYRAMID The Laundry Room’s basic strategy is to convey to the community that they are dedicated to consistent customer satisfaction and loyalty by providing reliable machines and furnishing a regularly maintained clean, attractive atmosphere at a competitive price and value. To implement this strategy, The Laundry Room location will be easily accessible, visible and recognizable. All products and services will be priced accordingly to stay comparable with competitors and enforcing a professional training program for all production and customer service representatives to ensure The Laundry Room employees are the most accommodating in the industry. Through coupons, print advertisements, word of mouth and cleverly and ethically maintained social media, The Laundry Room will promote the series of products and services offered and communicate openly with current and potential customers about new promotions, discount programs, events,  products and services available. By implementing this strategy, The Laundry Room has: Offered the consumer a superior product at a competitive, comparable price. Offered the consumer a convenient, time-efficient method for acquiring their requested service or product. Displayed how The Laundry Room acknowledges and value consumer loyalty by offering discounts to return customers and referral programs. VALUE PROPOSITION The Laundry Room will over products and services in the most efficient and convenient methods available, either through their convenient, spacious, highly-visible locations, multiple coin-less or coin-operated, state of the art machines or convenient pick up and delivery services. This value proposition sets The Laundry Room apart from business opponents allowing patrons to avoid: Parking lot overload. Long wait times. Limited machine availability. Cluttered, unkept, poorly designed machine layout. This value proposition sets The Laundry Room apart from business opponents allowing patrons to capitalize on: A safe, well monitored atmosphere. Extra time provided by pick up and delivery service. Money saved by utilizing customer loyalty programs and discounts. The Laundry Room is also spotlighting on offering a compelling asset to the community by distributing locally produced eco-friendly one-time-use and household cleaning products for purchase on-site. COMPETITIVE EDGE The Laundry Room’s competitive edge is basic, we offer a superior output through state of the art self-service machines, expert laundry services and professional grade eco-friendly products at a competitive price in a modern, conveniently located atmosphere that efficiently saves valuable consumer time and money. MARKETING STRATEGY In its introductory months, The Laundry Room will conveniently locate its premiere location in an area of high traffic and visibility that is easily accessible. Victoria Avenue and 34th Street (former location of Brandon Turbo) is the area of choice, located in highly visible, commuter courses and in close proximity to established businesses, upper and middle class residential housing, university dorms, senior citizen housing centres, two of Brandon’s most profitable hotels and a series of apartment complexes. The Laundry Room locations will be unique and easily identifiable, establishing a creative branding and marketing feature. The Laundry Room will be executing a low cost marketing strategy and take advantage of low cost methods of advertisements including good will, word of mouth, social media including Facebook and Twitter and community message boards such as eBrandon. It’s been shown that the best method of advertising is through word-of-mouth. No major newspaper ad campaign is forecasted. However, we will run weekly specials. In addition, we shall have an incentive program for referrals. The customer who encouraged the new customer to utilize our services rewarded with a FREE service of their choice or 50% off a retail product, and the referee will receive an introductory gift of a FREE wash. In addition, we will ensure a clean environment, reliable machines, and friendly, prompt services. We will include loyalty programs and discounts including a BUY 5 GET ONE FREE card to reward routine customers with a lower price. This will benefit our company by building long term customers and maximizing lifetime revenue of our consumers. Several drawbacks of the loyalty card include, the constant return to ground zero with no built up financial incentive to return, only price sensitive consumers will carry it loyally and present during each purchase, it segments locals and newcomers and it’s a volume discount for items purchased over time and not all at once. Which is why we will not only  offer the physical cards but also the option of utilizing the FREE online application that replaces physical cards called â€Å"Punch crowd† to entice technologically, eco-friendly consumers. The Laundry Room will also offer 10% Student and Senior discounts as well as FREE pick up and delivery for any laundry services meeting or exceeding 20lbs. PROMOTION STRATEGY The long term goal is to achieve enough market leverage and consumer brand loyalty to the company to expand into other regions and attract attention from possible angel investors. To ensure this, The Laundry Room requires: A commitment to Public Relation services of $1250.00 per fiscal quarter for the first year of business to establish community awareness and create and design product and service information print advertisement mail-outs. It is projected that the grand opening, high traffic, highly visible location, utilization of free advertising methods such as social media and community message boards and word-of-mouth promotion will generate a significant amount of positive exposure and possibly diminish or abolish the requirements for a Public Relation Professional internal employment opportunity. To provide community camaraderie, build customer base and fulfil it’s social responsibility The Laundry Room projects to host quarterly, season tailored charitable events including music concerts, hot chocolate giveaways and BBQ following the first year of business. A portion of proceeds from events will be donated to a local charity, making strides to improve the community. This is projected to commence following the first fiscal year of business, re-evaluation of profits/losses and customer traffic may expedite these community events. MARKETING PROGRAMS HIGHLY VISIBLE, RECOGNIZABLE BUILDING: The Laundry Room is using retro inspired, modern buildings for it’s on-site locations equipt with state of the art, stainless steel equipment. We have worked closely with our contractor, Geoff Gregoire of Contractor’s Corner, to develop a recognizable structure that is fully functional and conveniently located for consumers. RECOGNIZABLE DELIVERY VEHICLE: The pick up and delivery vehicle is a crucial marketing tool. Similar to the on-site locations, the delivery vehicle will be easy to recognize and with an unmistakably similar design. The Laundry Room will schedule routine pick up (AM hours) and delivery (PM hours) with basic consumers and predetermined alliances including hospitals, retirement homes, businesses, schools and community event planners. We will utilize an eco-friendly hybrid Ford Escape creatively and tastefully sporting The Laundry Room company logo, location and contact information. ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION: In the introductory year, The Laundry Room has allocated a moderate advertising and promotion allowance beginning in the first month of operations following the Grand Opening. As a company, we understand that a portion of graphic design, publicity and promotion is best left to professionals, so majority of advertising budgets will be spent on an external company, Direct Marketing to creatively and effectively design websites, brochures, logos and other print advertising. In the first fiscal year of business the word-of mouth-advertising in conjunction with our customer loyalty/referral program and utilization of free technological advertising like social media and community message boards will be strong consumer motivators. POSITIONING STATEMENT PRICING STRATEGY The Laundry Room product and service pricing will be competitive and comparable with similar industry national brand companies and locally owned businesses. SALES STRATEGY A series of sales strategies will be implemented including advertising daily and weekly specials on high-profit and high-return products and services on site. The highly qualified customer representatives will also distribute coupons, loyalty cards, product samples and discounts to customers who purchase products and services as a â€Å"kick-back.† The Laundry Room personnel will also use the practice of suggestive sales techniques suggesting services to improve quality of life and save time or products tailored towards customer needs. SALES FORECAST SALES PROGRAMS LOYALTY PROGRAM: REFILLABLE COMPANY PAYMENT CARDS: COUPONS: CHAMBER OF COMMERCE: For the purpose of selling the products and services and for active community contribution purposes, The Laundry Room will become an active member of the local Chamber of Commerce. The partnership and publicity the organization offers is exceptional along with the business contacts and probability of generating strategic alliances through constant communication with members at Chamber of Commerce hosted events. STRATEGIC ALLIANCES MILESTONES Acting as a financial budget would, the milestone projection outlines pivotal dates in the company timeline. This timeline includes the introduction of the first and subsequent drive-thrus and the mobile cafes. TDG’s milestone table also identifies the break-even month and other key events that will determine our ongoing company success. MANAGEMENT SUMMARY In the introductory months of business, there is zero intention to operate The Laundry Room utilizing a top-heavy organizational structure that diminishes profits and complicates internal communication. TDG will operate under a significantly flat organizational chart. Overhead for management personnel will be modest and all senior managers will act as production employees. PERSONNEL PLAN There will be one Production Worker on duty at all times during all operating hours acting as a Professional Laundry Service Provider who’s employee responsibilities will include but are not limited to washing, drying, dry cleaning, folding, and pressing incoming work orders and all repairs and alterations. The current salary for the two existing full-time (40 hr/wk) personnel is $910 and part-time (25 hr/wk) personnel is $568.75. With added duties, longevity of job position and increased traffic re-evaluation to increase salaries is reasonable. There will be one Customer Service Representative on duty during all operating hours acting as an Attendant/Cashier/Retailer whose employee responsibilities will include but are not limited to store and basic machine maintenance, all customer interaction internally and externally and daily business transactions. They will assist the laundromat production worker with completing work orders including washing, drying, folding and pressing as time and work load permits. The current salary for the two existing full-time (40 hr/wk) personnel is $820 (40 hours X 2 weeks = 80 hours X $10.25/hr) bi-weekly and part time (25 hr/wk) personnel is $512.50 (25 hours X 2 weeks X $10.25/hr). With added duties, longevity of job position and increased traffic re-evaluation to increase salaries is reasonable. As for mechanical machine maintenance, this will be outsourced to Ron’s Appliance Service as an on-call, locally owned repair service. Ron’s Appliance Service is known in the Westman area for their quick and reliable output. Generally, they service within the day. It is estimated to cost approximately _____ per month per maintenance. FINANCIAL PLAN AND PROJECTIONS The Laundry Room’s financial layout is quite reassuring. Since it is practicing a cash business with no receivables, however the introductory is generally more than majority of start-ups. The procedure is labor demanding with many services available in one location and The Laundry Room identifies that skilled talent and modern, state of the art buildings and equipment are a necessity. The financial and time investment in its labourers, locations and equipment will be the differentiating factor between The Laundry Room and it’s competitors. For the purpose of this business plan template, the investments of equipment and locations are financed. There will be minimal product inventory kept on hand to take advantage of limited space and price drops in supplies and to discover consumer trends.

Motivation & Communication of Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Motivation & Communication of Leadership - Essay Example Some of the strategies are having vision and quick victories, setting personal examples, instilling optimism and self-confidence among others. Lastly, leadership is applicable in any situation because of its tremendous contribution in motivating followers and offering a communication channel (Charteris-Black, 2006). Hence, the role of leadership is applicable in nearly every place since it determines the success of an operation as well as the progress. Similarly, leadership can intervene in situations where followers are deviating from the course by giving direction and defining parameters (Draft, 2014). Motivation and communication topic is very essential because it informs the scholars and the public the importance of leadership. It helps in defining some of the roles people might not know as well as the importance of providing leadership through motivation and communication. More so, the topic is important in preparing students to become better leaders capable of meeting their

Why is 21 the drinking age and is it in fact the the real age limit Essay

Why is 21 the drinking age and is it in fact the the real age limit - Essay Example Plenty of European countries are extremely negligent about it, and 12 year-olds are drinking more responsibly than many 23 year-olds in the States.(Grossman, 2006) When I say drinking responsibly, I mean drinking socially, such as dropping by somewhere and having a few mixed drinks or a couple of beers or something. The irresponsible drinking is drinking just to get drunk, meaning power-hours, taking 13 shots of 151 in half an hour (not fun), and just being, well, irresponsible. The latter type of drinking, from what I've seen, is mostly done by people who have little or no experience in drinking, and the availability of it is just too enticing to pass up, since you can inebriate yourself on a weekly or nightly basis. I have nothing personal against this type of drinking, especially since I partake in it. (Dombroski, 2004) The interesting thing, to me, is that there is no argument about the health effects of alcohol. Nobody is talking about liver and kidney failure, o r mental health problems due to legal alcohol consumption. I haven't seen anyone mention of drunk driving. The only things really being talked about are binge drinking, parental involvement, being old enough to fight for the country, and violence. In order to make this a complete discussion, the topics that are talked about need to be more complete. (Grossman, 2006) A lot more questions need to be asked. ... What I'm trying to point out is that while alcohol is a major contributor to a lot of violent crimes, health problems, and accidents, Federal, State, and local governments maintain that alcohol is still "legal" even if the age limit is kept at 21. (Dobkin, 2007) I have interviewed several university and college students concerning this issue of whether 21 should be the legal drinking age or is it a real age when people should start drinking. This is the report that I collected from four types of data which are relevant to the study of the effects of the increase in the drinking age. The data are from surveys of drinking and drinking problems among high school students; (Flynn, 2007) The 21 year old drinking age is an abridgment of the age of majority. By 18, Americans are legally adults and are entitled to all the rights and responsibilities that come with that role but one; the freedom to choose whether or not to consume alcohol.(Gever, 2006) The 21 year old marginalizes the role of parents in the process of teaching and encouraging responsible decisions about alcohol use. There is clear consensus cross introducing their children to responsible alcohol use. The 21 year old drinking age effectively eliminates this important parental role forcing parents to either break the law by serving their underage.(Grossman, 2006) Drinking isn't only something to do - it's something everyone can do together. It's how freshmen begin meeting people. "You don't know anybody, and then somebody hands you a beer and pretty soon you're hanging out with a bunch of guys," says Simon, a 19-year-old sophomore, remembering his first days in college. Freshmen drink hard early on: A 1995 Harvard study of college

How should one understand the classical structure of marriage, Essay

How should one understand the classical structure of marriage, divorce, and the main differences of marriage, divorce in the islamic schools like sunni and shi'a - Essay Example Marriage was very important and both partners were subjected to rules that would help keep the marriage peaceful. Marriage was very important and could not be dissolved easily. In most ancient societies, family members and those concerned would mediate on issues before initiating a divorce. In some cultures, the women had to get permission before divorcing. Some of the reasons for initiating a divorce in the classical times would be infidelity, political interests, and loss of wealth and lack of sex. Marriage had a strong and deep meaning. It involved families and not just the individuals getting into the union. Islamic schools like Sunni and Shi’a view marriage as a sacred institution that should be protected. Marriage was taken as a means to protect people from acts of indecency like adultery (Rapport, 30). Marriage is expected to provide protection, children, status and sexual satisfaction. In these laws, divorce would be initiated by the man or the woman. However, it is important to note that it is very difficult for a woman to be granted a divorce request. The couples would be given time to settle their differences before the divorce is finalized. Family members and relatives would be allowed to settle the matter before the divorce is finalized. It is essential to note the Shi’a are stricter on divorce than the Sunni. In some cases, the Sunni can allow a divorce without passing through the waiting period. This is not acceptable to the Shi’a. This implies that marriage holds a much stronger sacred meaning among the Shi’a. In conclusion, the understanding of marriage in Islam and classical times is similar in many ways. In both cases, marriage is a source of sexual satisfaction, protection and children. The importance of marriage is emphasized in Islam and in the classical cultures. In both cases, divorce is not easily granted except in civilized cultures like

Policy evaluation and analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Policy evaluation and analysis - Research Paper Example Canada is definitely a vast country that has a diverse climate. This makes the effects of climate change practically the more important.   The Canadian government supports attempts to protect their environment and of the entire globe through certain developed programs and policies, conducted scientific research as well as working closely with the provinces, territories, other government departments and international partners so as to fight against the problem climate change. The November 4, 2013 project of oil sands in Saskatchewan and Alberta are the main reason on which Canada continues to consistently increase carbon dioxide output which is in total contradiction in regard to its promises that it made at Copenhagen by 2009. This information originates from the recent Environment Canada- the National Inventory Report about the greenhouse gas sinks and sources that was submitted to UN Framework Convention about Climate Change in 2013. The contribution of Canada to global carbon dioxide gas emissions is in overall, not that significant since it`s, in fact, amounting to a mere 2%. However, in regard to the per capita contributions, the country produces over 20 tons which is one of the highest in the globe. By the time Canada was committing itself at Copenhagen that it was to reduce its own emissions to about 17%, that was below the 2005 levels, by 2020, with United States making the same commitment, Canada had realized a decreases in their overall carbon dioxide gases from the peak of about 750 megatons by 2007 to about 690 megatons in 2009. However, since 2009 Canadas carbon dioxide gas emissions have always trended upward. Currently, the report says that aggregate emissions of carbon dioxide gases are standing at 702 megatons. Climate change is indeed a global problem that comes with global consequences. By  2006, temperature warmer-than-average was recorded across the globe for the period of  30th

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Business Law - Essay Example Such offer of Smunt signifies a legal commitment on his part, a proposal which he has extended to Roginsky, which assumes eventual acceptance on the part of Roginsky. For an offer to be considered as accepted, â€Å"a valid act of acceptance must be made by the offeree† (Gillies 149). This was further clarified in the case of Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke Ball Co., (1893) 1 QB 256. â€Å"The first requisite of a contract is that both parties have reached an agreement. The three essential requisites of to the creation of a contract are: agreement, contractual intention and consideration† (Oughton and Davis 21). Here, all the essential requisites are present. Therefore, there was a valid contract entered by both parties, giving rise to the cause of action by Roginsky against Smunt for breach of contract. â€Å"An offer may be revoked before such offer is accepted by the offeree. If it is revoked after a valid acceptance has already taken place on the part of the offeree, suc h revocation is ineffective for the contract has already been perfected before the purported act of revocation (Gillies 150).† The revocation must also be communicated â€Å"directly or indirectly to the offeree to make a valid revocation. If revocation is sent through mail, the revocation shall not take effect unless it is received by the other party† (Gillies 150). ... fferee rejects the offer through a letter, but before such letter indicating rejection is received by the offeror, a second letter is sent indicating the acceptance of the offer, and the second letter is received first. In this instance, the mailbox rule is disregarded† (Ryan 43). On the other hand, the modern view is set forth in the â€Å"Restatement (Second) of Contracts and the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) rejects the mailbox rule. Under UCC 2-206, acceptance may be made in a reasonable manner unless the offer limits the manner of acceptance in a particular means† (Ryan 45). 2. As a general rule, employment contracts preferably should be in writing and signed by both parties, the employer and the employee. â€Å"Under the Statute of Frauds, a purely oral contract can be voided if there if it cannot be possibly be performed in one year† (Harper 60). The rationale behind this requisite is â€Å"to reduce frauds by requiring that certain contracts be in writing and signed by the party alleged to be in default. Absence of the written form makes the contract unenforceable† (Harper 60). However, there are exceptions to the rule, â€Å"where an executive has performed all the duties he has contracted for but has not been paid. If this exception would not be made, the Statute of Frauds will defeat its purpose and would operate to facilitate, rather than prevent fraud, since the unscrupulous employer could rely on it to refuse payment, after having benefitted from the work performed in good faith by an executive† (Harper 60). In this case, Wombat relied on the oral employment contract with Tony’s Toy Company and quit his job, sold his house and moved his family to another state for the new job, only to find out after one month that he is being terminated for the position.

Samaritan Woman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Samaritan Woman - Essay Example Jesus told her that he could offer her â€Å"living water and will never thirst again† and also told her of her life and all she had ever done. She then knew who he was. Leaving behind her jar of water, she ran back to the village and told everyone to go see a man who told her of everything she had ever done. In my opinion, this Samaritan woman seems to be one whose character is questionable and without moral, religious and even cultural standing. Previously, she had five husbands and was currently in an unlawful marriage. In the first century Samaria, such a marriage setup was not acceptable. Marriage and family were held in high esteem and with the utmost respect. Divorce then was not a very common occurrence. Within the family, each had roles. When it came to their cultural taboo, a Jewish man was not allowed to speak to a woman in public. Therefore, just like the twenty-first century, marriage involving the union of a man and woman is highly regarded. It is not to be dissolved indefinitely unless in cases of infidelity. However, despite divorce cases being rampant as compared to the first century, it is not wrong for a man to speak to a woman in public in this era. From a Christian perspective, a man and a woman are supposed to be legally married for their marriage setup to be lawful. Although the Samaritan woman was sinful, Jesus gave her another chance to repent and change her ways just as we today should hearken unto the word of God and change our sinful acts.

Men as Contemporary Shopping Spectacles in London Essay

Men as Contemporary Shopping Spectacles in London - Essay Example London's Covent Garden market surfaces as a prime example of a shopping spectacle for men incorporating all pleasures of consumption from packaging, presentation and buying. American Classics is a store located in the area which caters only to men and their accessories in the form of international American type clothing. The layout of the store is designed to inform and incite men into consumption and also as spectacles to be gazed at. Men are emerging everywhere as hungry predators for all things aesthetic. They are even making a go for cosmetics and beauty products like never before. They even make their own choices rather than depend on their partners to do the obvious. They seem to be better informed than most women these days. Men are gradually becoming aware of their bodies and their looks which is what gives proof for today's metro sexual male; shaving creams, colognes, soaps, clothes, shoes, hair and skin products being the order of the day. Gadgets and gizmos follow close by . These products depended on varied ideas to be marketed which gave consumption and masculinity a massive push towards an upheaval in the British society. It soon led to consumer identities being arranged and expanded at a spiraling recourse towards the male species. Figure 1.Men's Perfumes are Quite the Rage http://www.strawberrynet.com/images/products/00763331005.jpgwww.strawberrynet.com The long held assumption that consumption is a feminine venture has been proved wrong by these men centric malls and retail stores. Author Christopher Breward posits that male fashion in Britain gave a creative lend and space for masculine innovation during the late- Victorian era, in his book, The Hidden Consumer: Masculinities, Fashion and City Life. Hence, this process put men as consumers at the forefront of modernization at the beginning of the twentieth century itself. This also invalidates the idea that Englishmen of the late Victorian times agreed with the concept of a "Great Masculine Renunciation" (Breward 1) of style and fashion as many have suggested. Most material evidence of increasing male fashion consciousness are found in stores, malls, novels, films, photographs, magazines, trade directories etc. Breward's book also provides evidence that male fashion ability was conspicuous from the Victorian times itself, with these very proofs he provides in the form photographs and diaries. Clothing and fashion accessories were available to men even then but since the dominant wisdom was patriarchal, the opposite has been proved. By the help of those photographs and even songs, he posits to examine how many London and Manchester working class gangs utilized fashion to pose different from the rest of the gangs

Ethics in Economics and Finance Essay Example for Free

Ethics in Economics and Finance Essay Ethics is defined as a standard of human behavior that offers how to act in many situations with friends, family members, employees, business people, professionals, etc. It is necessary to mention that to make really ethical decision means to use trained sensitivity to ethical issues. In other words, ethics is associated with acceptable human behavior in this or that everyday or scientific field. Ethics incorporates norms of conventional morality to distinguish ‘wrong’ behavior from ‘right’ behavior. Generally, ethical norms suggest honesty, truthfulness, fairness, integrity, justice and respect for others. Ethics is applied to all aspects of life as, for example, medicine, psychology, business, finance and economics. Financial and economic ethics is considered subset of general ethics. (Frowen, 1995, p. 46) Ethics and Ethical Norms Researches argue that ethical norms and values play important role in maintaining harmony and stability in social life as ethics suggests proper ways of human-human interactions. Ethics recognizes human needs and aspirations, as well as cooperative efforts, fairness and truthfulness. Ethics contributes social stability and ensures balance in all spheres of life and business. Social evolution has developed instinct care in humans to take care of ourselves and of others. Ethical norms are necessary for guiding human behavior and it is refereed to when it is necessary to resolve conflicts between selfishness and selfishness, between conscience and material needs. In finance and economics ethical violations are associated with inconsistency in modern financial-economic theory. Violations are also attributed to inconsistencies in use if principal-agent model of relations in economic and financial transactions. It is noted that the financial-economic theory is based on the rational-maximizer paradigm which promotes capitalist system stressing that individuals are egoistic and they tend to behave rationally when looking for ways of maximizing their own interest. The problem is that modern financial-economic theory contradicts ethical norms of loyalty, fidelity, trustworthiness and stewardship. Moral values are the core of traditional concept of agency, but if humans are claimed to be rational maximizers, then traditional sense is impossible. (Frowen, 19995, p. 47-49) For example, Duska argues that â€Å"to do something for another in a system geared to maximize self-interest is foolish. Such an answer, though, points out an inconsistency at the heart of the system, for a system that has rules requiring agents to look out for others while encouraging individuals to look out only for themselves, destroys the practice of looking out for others†. (Duska, 1992, p. 61) Ethics in Finance Ethics in finance plays important role as it aims at ensuring fair deals and transactions. Moreover, ethics in finance addresses corporate governance, and agency relationships which should be purely contractual. In financial sphere, ethical behaviour should be based on carrot-and-stick approach. In corporate governance the conflict between stockholder and management is described as agency problem. To deal with this problem an agency theory was developed. It stresses that the principal and agent are both self-interested aiming at generating their gain. (Dobson, 1993, p. 7) Researchers say that we tend to entail our needs as, for example, management of retirement savings or stock and bond investing, to financial services as we may fail to carry them effectively. We are not as organized as financial managers, but we are not aware of agency problem. Lack of necessary information limits our ability to monitor managers’ behaviour. Therefore, modern world is characterized by selfish behaviour as people are willing to get their things done by others. Such paradoxical situation explains ethical problems in financial sphere stressing that declining in morality is observed. (Dobson, 1993, p. 8) Ethical violations in finance are rather frequent nowadays and that mainly associated with stakeholder interest, insider trading, investment management and camping financing. Loyalty and trust in public and private dealings are often violated. The most common occurrences are fraudulent financial dealings, corruption in government and public institutions, influence peddling, cheating customers about their trading profits, insider trading, unauthorized transactions, misuse of customer funds in order to obtain personal gain, larceny and corruption in banks, improper pricing of customer trades, etc. Most frequently, unethical behaviour is associated with insider trading which is defined as trading in securities of particular company or organization with an effort to take advantage of information about material side of the company. In such a way, trade is provided with unfair advantage over other competitors in the same security. (Dobson, 1993, p. 59) Therefore, ethical codes are very important in financial filed as they set standards of acceptable behaviour, fair dealing and honest relations with customers. Ethical codes in finance tends to replace egoistic paradigm and to create such system which would promote, honesty, altruism and virtuous traits. It is rather common to fid ethical codes in modern financial markets and financial corporation. In financial markets such ethical codes are established by official regulatory agencies which are trying to ensure ethical and responsible behaviour as important part of all operations and transactions. Furthermore, re-examining of the core principle of capitalist society helps to address ethical problems in both financial and economic fields. Financial ethics suggests that individual should be presented as honest and altruistic promoting honesty and fairness in public and private dealings. The primary purpose of ethic in financial sphere is to set standards of internal good. (Dobson, 1993, p. 60-61) Ethics in Economics Ethics is related with economic sphere in three ways: economists should follow ethical values trying to shape the way they are doing economics; economic actors have ethical values which shape their own behavioural standards; finally, ethical values are important for economic policies and institutions as they affect people differentially. However, from economic perspective ethics is defined as a matter of choice for everyone. Many economists argue that ethical values contribute positively economic welfare. However, there are ideas that economics is ethically neutral. Economists are interested in implication of Adam Smith’s idea that all human are driven by self-interest and egoism. Smith argued that self-interest led to the common good of nation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 135) However, he agreed that human should act in terms of internationalized moral law and police power of the state. Therefore, it is recognized that in economic sphere all figures should act on the basis of acknowledged ethical norms as economy of every country needs efficient ethical behaviour to improve country’s reputation at the world scene. In economics ethics suggests avoiding corruption in government and promoting fair decision-making. It is a matter of fact that ethics is not an easy task for economic system and business as there will be always interest groups which will challenge ethical standards and values. Therefore, economics should pay more attention to ethics and social responsibility, as well as to set ethical codes of behavior. For example, businesses are defined as important institutions in any economic structure. Therefore, they are expected to follow ethical norms when deciding how to organize the work and to produce necessary goods and service. Businesses reflect the overall economic system and unethical behavior may create unfavorable reputation. (Wilber, 1996, p. 139) Conclusion Ethics plays crucial role in all aspects of life, especially in financial and economic sphere. In financial field ethics is associated with fair transactions and dealings, honest buyer-customer relations and avoidance of corruption. In economic field ethics is associated with social responsibility, ethical decision-making as the whole nation depends on them, and, of course, with no corruption on national level. Ethics is necessary not only for maintaining balance and harmony, but also for improving reputation of company, organization, and even country. (Frowen, 1995, p. 68)

Change management models and processes

Change management models and processes I) Three major model of change: 1) Lewins Change Model 2) McKinsey 7-S Change Model Let go through these each model in brief†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1) Lewins change model: Kurt Lewin projected a three stage theory of change generally referred to as Unfreeze, Change, and Freeze. Stage 1: The first stage of Lewins change model is unfreeze, the stage is about being prepared for change, the model is trying to show that change is essential ,and we have to ready for change by putting all our present comfort and habits. This stage is about to make ready ourselves and other before the change. By putting Unfreeze Lewins want to say following things: Its about to understand others that change is required and its an essential process. Change requires overcoming from failure and for achieving better things for organization. Stage 2: The second stage is called as Change or Transition, in this stage people start to change they have many doubts and fear in their mind relating to change which is going to be occurring, at this stage they need all support, in the form of learning training guiding and support that mistake are the part and elements of this stage. This stage is about: To make change by putting out all traditional and odd things To being prepare for change Providing support in the form of training, guiding in the processes of change Stage 3: The third stage is called as Refreeze: At this stage people starts to use to with the changes which occurs in second stage, they start believing in change, refreezing may be a slow process as transition rarely stop cleanly, but go more in fits and starts with a long tail of bits and pieces. There are good and bad things about this. The apparent signs of the refreeze are a steady organization chart, reliable job descriptions, and so on. The refreeze stage also wants to help people and the organization internalize or institutionalize the changes. This means making sure that the changes are used all the time; and that they are incorporated into everyday business. With a new logic of constancy, staff feel positive and happy with the fresh ways of working. Advantages of Lewins change model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. It is a very simple and easy model to understand, by giving example of ice-cube Lewin;s very simply tried to understood this model. He puts three different stage to understand each stage like first stage unfreeze in which he try to understand about essentialness of changes, second stage changes in which people start to change towards new ideas, like policy procedure, rules and regulation, and third stage in which changes starts to give benefit. ii) Process for implementing change†¦ The Kotters introduce 8-steps process for implementing change Step One: Create Urgency For change to take place, it helps if the entire company really wants it. Develop a sense of urgency around the need for change. This may help you spark the initial motivation to get things moving. This isnt merely a matter of showing people poor sales figures or talking about enlarged rivalry. Open an honest and credible dialogue about whats happening in the marketplace and with your competition. If many people start talking about the change you propose, the urgency can build and feed on itself. What you can do: Classify possible fear, and expand scenarios viewing what could occur in the future. Look at opportunities that should be, or could be, oppressed. Start straightforward debate, and give energetic and realistic reasons to get people talking and thinking. Demand shore up from consumers, outside stakeholders and industry people to support your argument. Step Two: Form a Powerful Coalition Encourage people that change is essential. This may takes tough leadership and noticeable support from key people within your organization. Managing change isnt enough you have to lead it. In this step we can do following things Recognize the real leader in our organization. Work on team structure within your change coalition. To get know the different areas in which the team is weak, to find out the strength and its weakness.. Step Three: Create a Vision for Change In this stage, it is very essential to create a strong vision for change, to let people know why change is necessary, this is the process to about know what the benefits of change are, this clear vision will encourage them to prepare themselves for change In this step we have to do following things To make a clear and easy vision, to understand people the purpose of change To make a strategy for change. Step Four: Communicate the Vision Ones vision has been created its a essential to communicate that vision, means to watch out the plan, process and procedure properly working as per planning, things are going properly or not is the essential part of this process . We can do the following things in this step: Converse frequently about your change vision. Honestly and sincerely speak to peoples concerns and anxieties. Apply your vision to all aspects of operations from training to performance reviews. Tie everything back to the vision. Step Five: Remove Obstacles. In this step we have to identify the factors which are obstacles for change, to watch out all the activities in organization, to know whether things are going as plan or there is any barrier towards plan activity. Identify and reward people for making change happen. Recognize people who are resisting the change, and help them see whats needed. Take action to quickly remove barriers. Step Six: Create Short-term Wins Success motivates everyone, to make winning habits in staff, to make short term goal and try to achieve them first along with direction for long term goals To reward people for their achievement. To appreciate work To make weekly target instead of long term planning Step Seven: Build on the Change In this step we have to analyze the things, what went right and what went wrong in the process of change, to look after the area in which improvement is needed. After every win, examine what went correct and what requirements needed to improve. Set goals to continue construction on the impetus youve achieved. Keep thoughts fresh by bringing in new change agents and leaders for your change combination. Step Eight: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Make persist efforts to make sure that the change is seen in each and every part of your organization. This will help give that change a solid place in your organizations culture. Consist of the change principles and ethics when hiring and training new staff. Publicly recognize key members of your original change coalition, and make sure the rest of the staff new and old remembers their contributions. Create plans to replace key leaders of change as they move on. This will help ensure that their legacy is not lost or forgotten. iii) Why people resist change†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1) Fear: The most important factor for which people resist change is fear, fear of unknown they dont know about changes, thats why they started to fear, for example if the labor company announce changes that now they will take more use of computers to improve their techniques it certainly creates fear on present employees who dont know how to use it and they start to resist about the changes. 2) Comfort: This is also one of the reason for which people resist change, because they do not want to leave their present comfort, they think that if change occurs than they have to work more hard for getting things done..for example if company announce that marketing department now have to achieve weekly sales target than certainly the present employees have to work more hard and hence they might resist it. 3)Lack of trust: This is one the reason people resist change, if people havent trust or faith on changes or idea than they start to resist changes, for example if the employees of the company do not have trust on their manager capability than they create doubts on employee mind and hence they do not trust him. 4) Dont know about changes: one of the reason people resists changes because people dont know about changes, they dont know about their importance, they dont know how they going to benefit them, they have not any kind of idea regarding to changes, for example †¦.if company announce incentive system for their employees instead of fixed salary than employee start to oppose it even they have a chances to get benefited by high incentive system, all these because of lack of knowledge. 5) Dont trust on their capabilities: This is one of the reason why people resist changes because they have doubts on their capabilities, they dont think that they will able to make adjustment. IV. I recommended Lewins change model is best to use for a change management model because of its simple description, by giving example in three stages Lewins very simply described about his three stage change model, the three stage process includes unfreeze, change, and refreeze. http://www.mindtools.com/media/Diagrams/Lewin.gif Reason for recommendation of above model: As we can see in diagram the lewins very simply gave example based on ice about three stage change†¦.figure one described as a unfreeze in which there is a picture of large ice cube by which Lewins try to say at first stage people are very use to their routine works and very happy to do work with their old and traditional techniques, even though if they know this techniques is not very useful or worthless for goodwill of the company, but as they very use to with that method of work they denied change, for example if a patient of village very use to with homeopathy and naturopathy treatment which is referred by doctor at old times than certainly that patient denied to do surgery and operation for his illness which was recommend by doctor at modern times so its hard to convince them about the benefit of latest technology of health improvement same the case applies here, in this stage the task is to convince people of change them and to tur n them to modern techniques which can be beneficial and useful to them. The second figure show that the large ice-cube turns to round shaped ice-cube, which change its shape, by this Lewins tried to say in this stage that this stage is about change, change from rigid structure towards the new one as we can see in the figure that ice-cube change its shape to round structure, so that people start to change themselves and have to come out with adapting new ideas, knowledge, and techniques which would be more beneficial and successful for both for organization and also for themselves. To start adopting new ideas ,and technology of work by coming out from old ones , like for example the company make change in their timing to start their work from 10 clock to early 8pm so that employee get more time to done their task and can achieve high incentive , which is profitable to both employees and the company as well but at a certain period of time employee also have to be aware of benefit from the situation otherwise it will create doubts on their mind regarding to changes like they have work more hard in lesser wages so might they dont prefer it, at this time they require more proper guidance, knowledge and training regarding to changes so this change can be worth full for the company, at this time people are learning new things and adapting new ways in their work so they require all the support , training from their supervisor. The third figure shows the stability from the 3rd figure we can see the steady ice-triangle by which Lewins try to show the refreeze model, means once the change has been made in second stage now the people accepted those changes as per their new routines and norm now they started to accept that changes as per their daily routine work for example they start to find them comfortable with the new timings , new incentive base system, new product and procedure of the company, things are going easily for them as they know what to do , so the task is to fellow this procedure and practice properly for easy going. Advantages and disadvantages of this model†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Lewins change model is very simple and easy to understand, its shown in three simple stages, so the company till using this model. In unfreeze process Lewin,s show that company needs changes, which can be done by Motivating employee towards the change, which called sense of urgency towards change, it use Simple language. Role of leader in particular change model: The leader must have to make afford to motivate his employee towards new changes The leadership must adopt training and guiding process for employee in order to get them ready for change. They have to create an appropriate plan and to work upon that, like for example if they want to increase their sale than they have to work upon marketing and advertising skills so that they can achieve their sales target. Once the change has been made leader has use his techniques and qualities like providing training and guiding to their employee, so they can work well. Change strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The following steps are to be taken for change strategies Recruitment on the basis of qualification, for example if someone need in marketing sector than the guys must be take on the qualification base on marketing, the person who has marketing subject or degree on it, if needs in administration than prefer more to MBA student so this can create specialization which is good for a company. Use of the techniques which is essential for company , like if there is more administration work than there should more computer place in the company so that work flow can go easy and good To develop training programs for their new employee, to know about the company well to be aware of all its process and procedure so when they start their real work they dont feel unnecessary burden on them. Interview system, to modify it so that right people can select for right position, like for example if person have to select for account position than interview must conduct on accounting basis instead of testing his or her general knowledge.

Exposing the Darkness of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Revealing Lies in Heart of Darkness A lie is an untruth. It can be a false statement or a statement left unsaid that causes someone to be misled. In life, lies are told for many different reasons. In fiction, they thicken the plot. In Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Marlow dislikes lies and therefore only tells two, both in extraordinary circumstances. The lies that Marlow tells show several things about him. For example, even though he has been touched by evil, he is still a good man. He never actually tells a lie, instead he lets others continue to believe what they already believe. This helps him justify his lies. Marlow, in the middle of his story, interrupts himself to say "You know I hate, detest, and can't bear a lie." He does not think that he is better than the rest of the world. Lies simply appall him. Marlow feels there is a "taint of death, and a flavor of mortality in lies." Lying makes him feel "miserable and sick, like biting something rotten would do." Since he feels this way, he would only tell a lie in extraordinary circumstances. The first lie that Marlow told was in an extraordinary circumstance. It was told because of a notion that it would somehow be of help to Mr. Kurtz. The lie was told in order to allow the brick maker to think he had more influence in the company than he actually had. This lie would help Kurtz in two ways. Firstly, it would help Marlow to get the rivets he needed to fix the boat, and that would provide Kurtz with either a means of communication or a way out of the jungle. Secondly, it would provide Kurtz with an ally who was perceived as influential. Marlow knew that others were jealous of the Mr. Kurtz’s success. Some saw him as the next "Director of the Company," and some were trying to find a reason to hang him. If Marlow was considered powerful, he might be able to help Mr. Kurtz. This was an extraordinary reason for telling a lie. The second lie was also told in extraordinary circumstances. It is told to "the intended" so that the image of her dead fiancà © would not be destroyed. She had waited at least two years for her lover to return from Africa, and during this time had built his image up in her mind.

Should School Be Compulsory? :: essays research papers

I believe that, after year 6, school should NOT be compulsory. By the time you have completed your primary education, you have learned the basic skills needed to get through life. High school is simply an extension of the basic skills learned in the primary school system, and is unneeded unless you pursue your education to a very high degree.It is not the government's decision whether or not you should have to attend high school. It should be the individual's choice, and forced on no-one, because by the time you have completed your primary education, you are old enough to make this decision.In high school there are more trouble makers who only disrupt the classes because they do not want to be there. These people disrupt the class and make it more difficult for those who are interested in the subject and want to learn. If school were optional, these students would not be in classes disrupting the class and ruining the chances of other students. Instead, they could be out in the work force making money and beginning their careers earlier, giving them more experience in the workforce and making it easier for them to rise up to a postition of responsibility. If school were optional, it would benefit both the students that want to learn and those that do not, and would rather be in the workforceThe sort of education that is offered in the high school system is not needed by all people. After primary school, students have learned the basic skills required to work in an untrained proffession, and do not need the more advanced education that high school offers. Sons or daughters often carry on the family business, and after completing their primary education, any further, more advanced education is unnecassary, because they can learn all they need to know about their future proffession from their father/mother.

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Pain management in children Introduction -Nurses are not good at assessing children s pain -How children are going untreated from pain -The stress is causes the child -How nurses should have more knowledge Health care workers need to understand pain and have knowledge to deal with it correctly. Children in hospitals are receiving insufficient pain relief due to lack of knowledge from health care providers. Pediatric nurses have misconceptions about children self-reporting pain and focus on behavior, physiologic reactions and the nurses own opinion (Simons & Moseley, 2009). This results in children having inadequate treatment for their pain. Wilkie, Wang, & Van Hulle Vincent (2011) found that if a child complains of pain and the nurse does not find antiquate objective information to back up the child’s self report of pain, it is unlikely the nurse will do anything about it. Severely ill Children in intensive care, who experience a high amount of painful procedures, can demonstrate post-traumatic stress up to six months later. For this reason nurses in intensive care need to b... Essay -- Pain management in children Introduction -Nurses are not good at assessing children s pain -How children are going untreated from pain -The stress is causes the child -How nurses should have more knowledge Health care workers need to understand pain and have knowledge to deal with it correctly. Children in hospitals are receiving insufficient pain relief due to lack of knowledge from health care providers. Pediatric nurses have misconceptions about children self-reporting pain and focus on behavior, physiologic reactions and the nurses own opinion (Simons & Moseley, 2009). This results in children having inadequate treatment for their pain. Wilkie, Wang, & Van Hulle Vincent (2011) found that if a child complains of pain and the nurse does not find antiquate objective information to back up the child’s self report of pain, it is unlikely the nurse will do anything about it. Severely ill Children in intensive care, who experience a high amount of painful procedures, can demonstrate post-traumatic stress up to six months later. For this reason nurses in intensive care need to b...

Is Elizabeth Bennet the ‘perfect heroine’? Essay

Jane Austen wrote in a letter that she found Elizabeth Bennet to be ‘as delightful a creature as ever appeared in print’. Is Elizabeth the ‘perfect heroine’? Look at her character and its development throughout the novel to account for her appeal. Elizabeth is the second of Mr. and Mrs. Bennet’s five daughters. She is her father’s â€Å"favorite child† because she has ‘something more of quickness than her sisters’. Despite this, in her mother’s eyes ‘she is not a bit better than the others†¦She is not half so handsome as Jane, nor so good humored as Lydia’. As the book is written mainly from Elizabeth’s point of view, we know little of her physical appearance. Darcy’s admiration of her fine eyes is a constant source of teasing for Caroline Bingley. â€Å"I am afraid†¦ that this adventure has rather affected your admiration of her fine eyes†. We are also told that ‘she was a reputed beauty’ in Hertfordshire and that Colonel Fitzwilliam admires Mrs. Collins’ ‘pretty young friend’. At the start of the book, Lizzy is described as having a ‘lively, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous’. She admits to finding diversion in ‘follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies’. Towards the end of the novel, she believes that: â€Å"by her ease and liveliness, his mind might have been softened† Her refusal to forgive Mr. Darcy after he has snubbed her at the ball shows her to be proud; â€Å"I could easily forgive his pride, if he had not mortified mine.† She is determined; â€Å"†. . Lizzy always speaks her mind, illustrating her ability to think for herself; â€Å"I am no longer surprised at your knowing only six accomplished women. I rather wonder now at you knowing any.† It this mixture of frankness, belief in her own opinions and playfulness; â€Å"Elizabeth’s spirits soon rising to playfulness again† that makes her such a real person and an independent young woman. She also knows how to use sarcasm; â€Å"Mr. Darcy is uncommonly kind to Mr. Bingley, and takes a prodigious deal of care of him.† Lizzy is very perceptive, having ‘quickness of observation’. When Darcy and Wickham first meet in Meryton, she notices ‘the countenance of both as they looked at each other’. This quickness also leads her to see through the attentions of the Bingley sisters; † they were in fact very fine ladies; not deficient in good humour when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it, but proud and conceited† Lizzy’s perceptiveness at the start of the book has a great bearing on the end because it sometimes leads her to judge too quickly and jump to conclusions. Her opinion of Wickham was ill founded and derived from this tendency; â€Å"His countenance, voice, and manner, had established him at once in the possession of every virtue.† Elizabeth’s opinion of Wickham was also influenced by her prejudice against Mr. Darcy. When Wickham fails to attend the ball at Netherfield, Elizabeth immediately attributes this to â€Å"his being purposely omitted for Mr. Darcy’s pleasure in the Bingley’s invitation†. On hearing a different reason for his absence, and at a suggestion from Denny; â€Å"It assured her that Darcy was not less answerable than if her first surmise had been just†. It isn’t until this ball scene that we see the full extent of Lizzy’s prejudice against Darcy. She declares that â€Å"Attention, forbearence, patience with Darcy was injury to Wickham†. In a conversation with Charlotte Lucas, Lizzy exclaims; â€Å"To find a man agreeable whom one is determined to hate!† This quote is very significant as it shows that no matter what Darcy did, Lizzy would be prejudiced against him. Evidently Lizzy’s prejudice has overcome her common sense. This is a highly uncommon characteristic for an author to bestow on her heroine, for it shows very clearly that this is a real girl and by no means a model young lady as most heroines are. While dancing with Darcy at Netherfield, Lizzy ventures to say; â€Å"It is particularly incumbent on those who never change their opinion, to be sure of judging properly at first† This later proves to be ironic, as it is she, not Darcy who had jumped to conclusions therefore, proving that she had judged incorrectly at first. Once Elizabeth has an opinion of a person, it takes a lot to change it. She only achieves this after receiving the letter from Darcy. Despite her faults, Lizzy is not afraid to admit them and own that she was wrong; â€Å"She grew absolutely ashamed of herself. Of neither Darcy nor Wickham could she think without feeling that she had been blind, partial, prejudiced, absurd.† As well as being able to admit her mistakes, Lizzy has great honesty of mind. She has great self-belief but doesn’t try and delude herself; â€Å"The justice of the charge struck her too forcibly for denial†. As well as being honest with her self, she is honest with other people; â€Å"You know enough of my frankness to believe me capable of that† Throughout most of the book, Lizzy is prejudiced. This is where the ‘prejudice’ in the title stems from; â€Å"with a strong prejudice against anything he might say† And â€Å"to find a man agreeable, who one is determined to hate†. It is not until she reads Darcy’s letter that Lizzy realises her error. She blames her prejudice on the fact that she was ‘offended by the neglect of the other’ (meaning Darcy). It is clear by the end of the book, that she has learnt her lesson and will think before forming opinions about people in the future; â€Å"We have both reason to think my opinions not entirely unalterable†. Elizabeth has a reality about her, which is strong enough to make you believe that this person could have actually lived. She is not perfect and makes the same mistakes that anyone could, but learns from them at the same time. I think it is this and that she is such a model for the feminists of today that makes her such a charmingly different romantic heroine. It is that she is so unlike the majority of romantic heroines that must be held accountable for her appeal. It is the fact that she isn’t a perfect person, she is only the second prettiest in the Bennet family, which makes her so different from many of the stereotypical heroines, who are calm, passive, quiet, peaceful and vulnerable. She has survived time and, although set in the early eighteenth century, she gives you the feeling that as a person, Elizabeth Bennet would be just as at home in the year 2000. She is full of energy, witty, confident and independently minded, making her an ideal for modern femininity. â€Å"we have both reason to think my opinions not entirely unalterably†. â€Å"that I had not been so weak and vain and nonsensical as I knew I had!†. This again illustrates her hypocrisy as she had teased Mr. Darcy at the start of the book for having ‘vanity and pride’; here she admitted that she herself had been vain This quote also illustrates her devotion to ‘a most beloved sister’, Jane

Definition of Marine Biology

Marine Biology also refers to Biological Sciences or Biological Oceanography. Marine Science is the general term for research conducted in oceans and coastal or inland waters connected to the sea. This particular field is probably the best known to the public. Marine Biology deals with the study of micro and living organisms such as plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria in oceans, estuaries, and other bodies of salt water. In the feild of Marine Biology you plan, participate in, and administer research programs for government experiment stations such as private research centers, manufactoring irms, and medical service industries. Tools and equipment for this career includes lab animals, X-Ray and other lab equipment, computers, spectrophotometers, collections of specimens, and a Starting no later than high school, a Marine Biologist should obtain a solid education in as many basic sciences as possible including chemistry, physics, and biology. Mathematics is essential. Plane geometry, trigonometry, solid geometry, and two years of algebra are recommended. Good English is no less important, for both written and oral reports are a big part of Marine Biology. The tudy of a foreign language, especially French, German, or Russian should begin early. Degrees in this study are offered only to college graduate students. Most entry level jobs minimally require a Bachelors degree in a natural science from an accredited college or university. Doctoral degree holders face competition for independent research positions. Those with a Bachelors degree or Masters degree in biological sciences can expect better opportunities for nonresearch In order to be a Marine Biologist or in any line of work, you have to be really dedicated to your job. This is the job I have always wanted ever since I was a little girl. I always loved the water especially the ocean. I think there is so much to discover about it and there are so many marine animals yet to be revealed. If I ever do become a Marine Biologist I either want to work in the laboratory or work in the field. I think it would be interesting to travel to different parts of oceans and discover what kind of plants and animals hide beneath the deep blue waters. Laboratory technicians and testers can acquire more education experience. They can work their way up through research ositions and may reach administrative posts in government or industry. As a rule, high paying postions of prestige go to those with a Ph. D degree and a history of successful research. C. Earnings and Working Conditions Marine Biologists may work in a laboratory, classroom, museum and industrial setting, a botanical garden or zoo, or in a field. They may either work alone or with engineers, technicians, and other scientists at various stages of research or product development. Working conditions vary with the kind of work they do. Indoor work areas may be quiet, well lighted, and air-conditioned. Those who work in laboratories or industrial settings must keep work areas very clean. Ventilation systems generally provide protection from dust, fumes, and odors. Special precautions are taken to protect those scientists who work with infectuous creatures or poisonous chemicals. While working in the field some Marine Biologists travel to coral reefs in tropical seas and ocean waters in cooler climates having to work a The earnings of a Marine Biologist are complicated. Most of these researchers recieve a salary directly from an employer. They write roposals in order to have their research ideas funded by private and government agencies. The quality of their results often determines whether they recieve money for future efforts, and consequently, whether they work and for how long. The salaries of a Marine Biologist comes down to each persons education, experience, and At the present time the profession of Marine Biology is one of the least crowded of the science fields. There are only a few thousand Marine Biologists in research, with less than three thousand graduates working and teaching in the United States. Since there is a limited umber, opportunities in research are few and competition is stiff. It is said that by the year of 2006 employment in biological sciences will grow by 25. 1 percent, that is an increase of 20,000 positions. According to the 1990 Census, 48. 8 percent of this particular occupation were female, 5. 8 percent were black, and 3. 7 percent were Asian and Pacific Islanders. Employment opportunities will be good for scientists with advanced degrees. Those with lesser degrees may experience competition for available jobs in the future. Marine Scientits work in a surprising variety of disciplines. Some xamples are Archaeology which is the study of prehistoric and of ancient periods of history, based on the examination of their physical remains. Another is Anthropology which studies man both as an animal and as living in society , his origins, development, distribution, social habits, culture, etc. Sociology is the study of the origin, the history and the structure of the human society and its institutions. Engineering which is the science applying knowledge of the properties of matter and the natural sources of energy to the practical problems of industry, and other studies of human relationships with the sea. There are many advantages and disadvantages in becoming a Marine Biologis. If you do not like to work long hours or do hands on experiments than working a the field is not for you. An advantage to that is you can do indoor work, which would be in laboratories or classrooms. They are usually quiet and work with chemicals and radioactive substances. These are only a few of the advantages and disadvantages in the field of Marine Biology. The services have about 500 scientists. On an average they need 30 new life scientists each year. Newly comissioned life scientists are ormally assigned to a lab, while they conduct research under the direction of more experienced scientists. Summer and part-time employment may be available in industry, college programs in biological science or projects museums, zoos, and other institutions employing Biological Scientists. The Department of Agriculture participates in the cooperative education program, a federally sponsored program provideing work experiences and income. There are a variety of School to Work opportunities which include: informal apprenticeships, mentorships, job shadowing experiences or touring a local biological scientist.